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[ubuntu] Borked Ubuntu Server (12.04) upgrade: encryted LVM not found at boot

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Hi all,

Long time grazer, first time poster.

My system in broad, broad brushstrokes:
32 GB USB key - Ubuntu Server here
4 x 2TB RAID10 using mdadm - split over two LVM

I've managed to take down my production workstation by doing a "do-release-update" (or something similar). Somewhere along the way, a reboot of the system was performed leaving me with the following after a restart:

- Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline)
- Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?)
- Check root= (did the system wait for right device?)
-Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev)
ALERT! /dev/mapper/union-root does not exist. Dropping to shell!

Evidently it can't find /dev/mapper/union-root, which makes sense as I believe this is encrypted. In the past, after a reboot, I would have to enter the passphrase to finish booting into the server. Now, I don't get asked for a passphrase landing me in the above situation.

The good news (if any) is that I believe everything is all there. Booting up with a liveCD, I can mount the 32GB USB key onto the desktop (after giving a passphrase). I can see and access all the files, but obviously something is amiss.

1) How the heck do I figure out what's going on here?
2) If the system is truly toast, can I recover the contents of my RAID? How?

Any help out there would be greatly, GREATLY appreciated.

Cheers!

PS- I swear (triple pinky swear) that this time I'll write down all the steps so that I remember exactly how I setup my workstation in the past.

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